英語虛擬語氣用法總結(jié)？若與現(xiàn)在事實相反，虛擬語氣的條件從句的謂語用過去式(be通常用were)，主句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+動詞原形”。如：If I knew her number I could ring her up.（2）與過去事實相反。若與過去事實相反，虛擬語氣的條件從句的謂語用過去完成時(had+過去分詞)，那么，英語虛擬語氣用法總結(jié)？一起來了解一下吧。
英語四級重點語法知識：虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣的考點為：
would rather+that從句+一般過去時;
It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/ advisable/ natural/ essential+that+(should)動詞原形;
proposal/suggestion+that+動詞原形;
It is time/about time/high time+that+一般過去時;
lest+that+should+動詞原形;
if only+that+would+動詞原形。
在虛擬語氣中，除了記住一套與時態(tài)相對應(yīng)的規(guī)范用法之外，以下幾點也是不容忽視的：
l、名詞性從句中要用過去時或should+動詞原型構(gòu)成虛擬語氣。如：Itistimewewenthome.
2、wouldrather,hadrather后的從句動詞用相當(dāng)于陳述語氣的過去時來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)戆l(fā)生的動作。如：Iwouldratheryouwentwithher.我寧愿你跟她走。
英語虛擬語氣的用法有條件句、目的句、賓語句等。
1、條件句。
If he doesn't hurry up，he will miss the bus.
如果他不快點，他將錯過巴士。（真實）。
If he is free，he will ask me to tell stories.
如果他有空，他會要求我講故事。（真實）。
If I were you，I would go at once.
如果我是你，我馬上就會去。（我不可能是你。非真實，虛擬語氣，與現(xiàn)在事實相反）。
2、目的句。
She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in.
她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進入。
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.
他走近說話的人以便能聽得更清楚。
3、賓語句。
They’ve arranged that I should absent myself for part of the meeting.
他們安排好讓我一部分時間不在開會現(xiàn)場。
虛擬語氣的用法
1) 虛擬語氣用在簡單句中,表示祝愿,命令.
May you be happy.
May you have a good time.祝愿你玩的痛快.
May the friendship between us last long.祝愿我們的友情天長地久.
Have a good journey!祝愿你旅途愉快!You go out!你出去!
2) 虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中.動詞 wish,suggest,order,insist,propose,等詞后面的賓語從句表示的是一種虛擬語氣,賓語從句中的動詞動作表示的只是一種愿望、要求.
I wish she would be on my side.我希望她能站在我一邊.
I wish I could help him.我希望我能幫助他.
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.他堅持要我們大家想盡辦法按時去那兒.
動詞 demand,suggest,order,insist,propose 后面的從句中,"should" 可以省略.
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了.
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.他要求學(xué)生每周都要自己洗衣服.
3) 虛擬語氣用在主語從句中.
在句型 "It is important (necessary,strange,natural) that ." 中,that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用：should + 動詞原形.
Its necessary that we should have a walk now.我們有必要出去散散步.
Its natural that she should do so.她這樣做是很自然的.
Its important that we should take good care of the patient.重要的是我們要照顧好病人.
在英語語法中，虛擬語氣（Subjunctive mood）是一種特殊的語氣，用于表示假設(shè)、愿望、建議、命令、推測等情況。虛擬語氣通常用在從句中，而主句可以使用各種時態(tài)。
1. 表示假設(shè)
虛擬語氣常用于表示假設(shè)或條件語句，通常與 if 連用。例如：
If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我會更加用功學(xué)習(xí)。）
If she had known the truth, she would have acted differently.（如果她當(dāng)時知道了真相，她會采取不同的行動。）
2. 表示愿望
虛擬語氣也常用于表示愿望或希望。例如：
I wish I were taller.（我希望我能更高。）
May you have a wonderful birthday.（祝你生日愉快。）
3. 表示建議、命令
虛擬語氣還可以用于表示建議或命令。
一.概念: 動詞虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望, 假設(shè), 猜測, 建議, 請求, 意圖, 設(shè)想等未能或不可能成為事實的情況, 或者在說話人看來實現(xiàn)可能性很小的情況, 而不表示客觀存在的現(xiàn)實
二.虛擬語氣的表現(xiàn)形式: 通過句中謂語動詞的特殊形式來表現(xiàn). 這些特殊形式與謂語動詞的某些時態(tài)相同, 但它們只表示語氣, 而不表示時態(tài), 但含有一定的時間概念
虛擬語氣的用法
一.虛擬語氣在簡單句中的用法: 謂語動詞用原形或may +動詞原形
1.表示祝愿
a. Long live our country.
b. May you succeed.
c. May you be happy all your life.
2.表示命令
a. Everybody leave the room.
二.虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的用法: (使用虛擬語氣的含條件句的復(fù)合句稱為真實條件句)
1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況時, if從句的謂語用動詞的過去式 (be動詞的過去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的謂語用should / would / could / might +動詞原形 (should多用于第一人稱, would多用于二三人稱, could / might可用于所有人稱)
a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.
b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.
c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.
d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.
e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.
2.表示與過去事實相反的情況時, if從句的謂語用had done形式, 主句的謂語用should / would / could / might + have done的形式
a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.
b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s exam.
c. If you had taken the teacher’s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.
3.表示與將來事實相反的情況時, if從句的謂語形式是: ①.完全動詞過去式 (be的過去式通常用were); ②.should +動詞原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③種情況都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的謂語的形式是: should / would / could / might +動詞原形
a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.
b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.
c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.
d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.
三.虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中用法的幾個變體:
1.條件從句省略if: 在書面語中, 如果條件從句中的謂語中有were, had, should等詞, 可將if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首
a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.
b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.
2.省略條件從句或主句, 省略部分的含義仍有所體現(xiàn). 省略主句時, 表示己不能實現(xiàn)的愿望
a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to).
b. I wouldn’t smoke (if I were you).
c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起該多好啊)
d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!
3.主從句時間不一致時, 主從句謂語動詞的形式取決于要表示的具體時間
a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.
b. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.
4.假設(shè)的條件不以條件從句, 而以其他方式如介詞短語、從句等表達出來, 這種句子稱為含蓄條件句
a. What would you do with a million dollars?
b. Without music, the world would be a dull place.
c. We could have done better with more money.
d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.
四.虛擬語氣在as if / though從句中的用法:
1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反或?qū)ο嘣谇闆r有所懷疑, as if / though從句謂語用過去式
a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.
b. She looked as if she were ill.
2.表示與過去事實相反的情況, as if / though從句謂語用過去完成式
a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.
五.虛擬語氣在含even if / though從句的復(fù)合句中的用法:
在此類復(fù)合句中, 若表示與事實相反, 可用虛擬語氣形式. 主從句的謂語動詞形式與非真實條件句相同
a. Even if I were rich, I would work.
六.虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法:
如果表示說話人的看法, 想法或意見, 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that從句中, 主語從句中可用虛擬語氣. 主語從句中謂語動詞用should do表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r, 用should have done表示過去情況
a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left.
b. It is important that you should take the doctor’s advice.
c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.
七.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法:
1.在wish的賓語從句中, 通常表示不可能實現(xiàn)或沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望, 常用虛擬語氣
①.wish的賓語從句用過去式, 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)頉]有實現(xiàn)或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望
a. I wish I knew the result of the match now.
b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.
c. I wish I could help you.
d. I wish I were young.
②.wish的賓語從句用過去完成式, 表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望
a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night.
b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.
③.wish的賓語從句若用would, 則一般表示請求, 對現(xiàn)狀不滿或希望未來有所改變
a. I wish the prices would come down.
b. I wish you would help me.
c. I wish he would be more careful.
d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.
2.在動詞suggest (建議), advise (建議), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (堅持)后的賓語從句中, 謂語動詞常用( should )+動詞原形的虛擬語氣形式
a. I suggested that we should go there at once.
b. I demand that he should answer me at once.
c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.
d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.
與名詞suggestion建議 / advice 建議 / demand要求 / request要求 / order命令有關(guān)的從句(包括同位語從句和表語從句等)中的謂語也用 ( should ) +動詞原形
a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.
b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.
c. I was Bill’s suggestion that everybody should have a map.
d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.
八.虛擬語氣用在句型: It is time that(該做某事了)中: that從句中的謂語動詞用過去式
a. It is time we got up.
九.虛擬語氣用在if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中: 表示但愿, 要是就好了, 其中謂語形式與wish的賓語從句相同
a. If only he didn’t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn’t drive so fast.)
b. If only he had taken the doctor’s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor’s advice.)
c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)
十.虛擬語氣用在would rather / prefer后的that從句中: 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r謂語動詞用過去時形式, 表示過去情況動詞用過去完成時形式
a. I would rather he came next Saturday.
b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.
c. I would rather that he painted the house blue
以上就是英語虛擬語氣用法總結(jié)的全部內(nèi)容，在英語語法中，虛擬語氣（Subjunctive mood）是一種特殊的語氣，用于表示假設(shè)、愿望、建議、命令、推測等情況。虛擬語氣通常用在從句中，而主句可以使用各種時態(tài)。1. 表示假設(shè) 虛擬語氣常用于表示假設(shè)或條件語句，通常與 if 連用。例如：If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你。
